The upper is the upper part of a shoe that surrounds the foot and starts above the sole. It is sewn together from various upper parts that ensure comfort, stability and protection of the foot. The upper consists of a combination of upper and lining leather as well as other components that are stitched together during the manufacturing process in the stitching shop. The main upper components include:
- Leaf and quarter leather: The upper and lining leather that forms the outer and inner areas of the upper.
- Strap parts: Elements that cover the front part of the shaft and accommodate the lacing.
- Piping: Reinforcements that give the shoe additional support and shape.
- Padding: Foam or other materials that improve wearing comfort and prevent pressure points.
- Toe cap: A reinforced area at the front of the shoe that provides additional protection for the toes.
- Toe cap: A reinforced part at the back of the shoe that gives stability to the heel area.
The EN ISO 20345 standard classifies shoes into different shoe shapes depending on the height of the upper:
- Low shoe (A): Shoes with a shaft that ends below the ankle.
- Ankle-high shoe (B): Shoes with a shaft that reaches above the ankle.
- Half-high boots (C): Boots with a shaft that extends above the ankle but not up to the calf.
- High boots (D): Boots with a shaft that reaches up to the calf.
- Thigh-high boots (E): Boots whose shaft reaches up to the thigh and offer special protection in special working environments.
The upper is therefore not only of decisive importance for the protection of the foot and wearing comfort, but is also an essential component in the classification of shoe types, especially for safety shoes.